Angioplasty India
What is Coronary Angioplasty?
Angioplasty is a medical procedure in which a balloon is used to open
narrowed or blocked blood vessels of the heart (coronary arteries). It
is also known as Balloon angioplasty; Coronary artery angioplasty;
Cardiac angioplasty; Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary
Angioplasty(PTCA) and Heart artery dilatation
What are the indications for Coronary angioplasty?
There are various reasons for performing angioplasty. It may be performed to treat:
- Persistent chest pain (angina)
- Blockage of one or more coronary arteries
- Residual obstruction in a coronary artery during or after a heart attack
Why is Angioplasty done?
Fat and cholesterol accumulate on the inside of arteries and form
deposits called plaque. This disease process is called atherosclerosis.
The arteries that supply blood to the heart itself (called the coronary
arteries) can be narrowed or blocked by this accumulation.
If the blockage is not too severe, a balloon catheter may be used to
open the heart artery as an alternative to open heart surgery. The
catheter is a small, hollow, flexible tube that has a balloon near the
end of it.
How is Angioplasty done?
The procedure starts with the patient lying on a padded table. Local
pain medicine is given, and the catheters are then inserted in an
artery (usually near the groin). The patient is awake for the
procedure, but pain medicine can be given as needed.
The heart and heart arteries are then visualized by using X-rays and
dye, and blockages in the heart vessels are identified. A balloon
catheter is then inserted in or near the blockage and inflated, thus
widening or opening the blocked vessel and restoring adequate blood
flow to the heart muscle.
Occasionally, blood thinning medicines are also given to prevent
formation of a blood clot. In almost all cases, a device called a stent
is also placed at the site of narrowing or blockage in order to keep
the artery open. A common type of stent is made of self-expanding,
stainless steel mesh.
What can I Expect after surgery?
This procedure
greatly improves blood flow through the coronary arteries and to the
heart tissue in about 90% of patients and may eliminate the need for
coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG).
The result is relief from chest pain, and improved exercise capacity.
In 2 out of 3 cases, the procedure is considered successful with
complete elimination of the narrowing or blockage.
This procedure treats the condition, but does not cure the cause, and
recurrent narrowing can be expected in up to a quarter of cases over a
6-month period. However, this recurrent narrowing may or may not
require a repeat procedure.
Patients should diet, exercise, abstain from smoking, and reduce stress
in order to lower the chances of recurrence. The physician may
prescribe a medication, such as a statin drug, to help lower the
patient's cholesterol.
If the arteries are not sufficiently widened by angioplasty or the
blockages are too severe to be treated by angioplasty, heart surgery
(CABG surgery) may be recommended.
How long is the recovery period?
The average
hospital stay is less than 2 days, and often, an overnight hospital
stay is not required at all. Patients are generally able to walk within
6 hours after the procedure. Complete recovery takes a week or less.
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